Introduction to Green Architecture and Design

Green architecture, or green design, is an approach to building that minimizes the harmful effects of construction projects on human health and the environment. The green architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth by choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction practices. Building a greener home is a choice—at least it is in most communities. Typically, buildings are designed to meet building code requirements, the  American Institute of Architects (AIA) has reminded us, whereas green building design challenges designers to go beyond the codes to improve overall building performance and minimize life-cycle environmental impact and cost. Until local, state, and federal public officials are persuaded to legislate green processes and standards—just like building and fire prevention practices have been codified—much of what we call green building practices is up to the individual property owner. When the property owner is the U.S. General Services Administration, results can be as unexpected as the complex built in 2013 for the U.S. Coast Guard. Common Characteristics of a Green Building The highest goal of green architecture is to be fully sustainable. Simply put, people do green things in order to achieve sustainability. Some architecture, like Glenn Murcutts 1984 Magney House, has been an experiment in green design for years. While most green buildings do not have all of the following features, green architecture and design may include: Ventilation systems designed for efficient heating and coolingEnergy-efficient lighting and appliances (e.g., ENERGY STAR ® products)Water-saving plumbing fixturesLandscaping with native vegetation and planned to maximize passive solar energyMinimal harm to the natural habitatAlternative renewable energy power sources such as solar power or wind powerNon-synthetic, non-toxic materials used inside and outLocally-obtained woods and stone, eliminating long-haul transportationResponsibly-harvested woodsAdaptive reuse of older buildingsUse of recycled architectural salvageEfficient use of spaceOptimal location on the land, maximizing sunlight, winds, and natural shelteringRainwater harvesting and greywater reuse You dont need a green roof to be a green building, although Italian architect Renzo Piano not only created a green roof but also specified recycled blue jeans as insulation in his design of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. You dont need a vertical garden or green wall to have a green building, yet French architect Jean Nouvel has successfully experimented with the concept in his design for One Central Park residential building in Sydney, Australia. Construction processes are a huge aspect of green building. Great Britain transformed a brownfield into the site of the London 2012 summer Olympic Games with a plan for how contractors would build the Olympic village—dredging waterways, strict sourcing of building materials, recycling concrete, and using rail and water to deliver materials were just some of their 12 green ideas. The processes were implemented by the host country and overseen by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the ultimate authority for requiring Olympic-sized sustainable development. LEED, the Green Verification LEED is an acronym meaning Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design. Since 1993, the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) has been promoting green design. In 2000, they created a rating system that builders, developers, and architects can adhere to and then apply for certification. Projects pursuing LEED certification earn points across several categories, including energy use and air quality, explains USGBC. Based on the number of points achieved, a project then earns one of four LEED rating levels: Certified, Silver, Gold or Platinum. The certification comes with a fee, but it can be adapted and applied to any building, from homes to corporate headquarters. LEED certification is a choice and not a requirement by the government, although it may be a requirement in any private contract. Students who enter their projects in the Solar Decathlon are judged by a rating system as well. Performance is part of being green. Whole Building Design The National Institute of Building Sciences (NIBS) argues that sustainability has to be part of the whole design process, from the very start of the project. They devote an entire website to the WBDG—Whole Building Design Guide. Design objectives are interrelated, where designing for sustainability is just one aspect. A truly successful project is one where project goals are identified early on, they write, and where the interdependencies of all building systems are coordinated concurrently from the planning and programming phase. Green architectural design should not be an add-on. It should be the way of doing the business of creating a built environment. NIBS suggests that the interrelationships of these design objectives must be understood, evaluated, and appropriately applied — accessibility; aesthetics; cost-effectiveness; functional or operational (the functional and physical requirements of a project); historic preservation; productivity (comfort and health of the occupants); security and safety; and sustainability. The Challenge Climate change will not destroy the Earth. The planet will go on for millions of years, long after human life has expired. Climate change, however, can destroy the species of life on Earth that cannot adapt fast enough to new conditions. The building trades have collectively recognized its role in contributing to the greenhouse gases put into the atmosphere. For example, the manufacturing of cement, the basic ingredient in concrete, is reportedly one of the largest global contributors to carbon dioxide emissions. From poor designs to construction materials, the industry is challenged to change its ways. Architect Edward Mazria has taken the lead to transform the building industry from a major polluter to an agent of change. He has suspended his own architectural practice to concentrate on the nonprofit organization he established in 2002. The goal set for Architecture 2030 is simply this: All new buildings, developments, and major renovations shall be carbon-neutral by 2030. One architect who has taken the challenge is Richard Hawkes and Hawkes Architecture in Kent, United Kingdom. Hawkes experimental home, Crossway Zero Carbon Home, is one of the first zero carbon houses built in the UK. The house uses a timbrel vault design and generates its own electricity through solar energy. Looking to a Sustainable Future Green design has many related names and concepts associated with it, besides sustainable development. Some people emphasize the ecology and have adopted names like eco-design, eco-friendly architecture, and even arcology. Eco-tourism is a 21st-century trend, even if eco house designs might appear to be a bit non-traditional. Others take their cue from the environmental movement, arguably begun by Rachel Carsons 1962 book Silent Spring—earth-friendly architecture, environmental architecture, natural architecture, and even organic architecture have aspects of green architecture. Biomimicry is a term used by architects who use nature as a guide to green design. For example, the Expo 2000 Venezuelan Pavilion has petal-like awnings that can be adjusted to control the internal environment—just as a flower may do. Mimetic architecture has long been an imitator of its surroundings. A building can look beautiful and even be constructed from very expensive materials, but not be green. Likewise, a building can be very green but visually unappealing. How do we get good architecture? How do we move toward what Roman architect Vitruvius suggested to be the three rules of architecture—to be well-built, useful by serving a purpose, and beautiful to look at? Sources Gissen, David (ed.) National Building Museum. Big and Green: Toward Sustainable Architecture in the 21st Century. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2002.How LEED Works. U.S. Green Building Council.Huseynov, Emir Fikret oglu. Planning of Sustainable Cities in View of Green Architecture. Procedia Engineering 21 (2011): 534–42. Print.Masood, Osama Ahmed Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim Abd Al-Hady, and Ahmed Khamies Mohamed Ali. Applying the Principles of Green Architecture for Saving Energy in Buildings. Energy Procedia 115 (2017): 369–82. Print.Ragheb, Amany, Hisham El-Shimy, and Ghada Ragheb. Green Architecture: A Concept of Sustainability. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 216 (2016): 778–87. Print.Shaviv, Edna. Passive and Low Energy Architecture (Plea) Vs Green Architecture (Leed). 25th Conference on Passive and Low Energy Architecture. 2008. Design Objectives.  Whole Building Design Guide.Wines, James and Philip Jodidio. Green Architecture. Taschen, 2008.

The Death Penalty Should Be Abolished - 1523 Words

The execution of criminals has been performed by nearly every society to date. The death penalty came to the Americas when European settlers brought the idea of capitol punishment from Britain. The ideology behind taking someone’s life for crimes they have committed is a simple one. If a person commits a hennas crime such as murder or rape, they shall receive the death penalty. In more recent times we now see many countries abolishing the death penalty. The trend suggests that the capitol punishment policies still implemented in the United States may be outdated, but yet there is a large majority in the United States who feel capital punishment is necessary. In contrast there are many that feel that it’s immoral, unconstitutional and should be abolished. The political issue is whether or not capital punishment should be outlawed in the United States. An explanation of capitol punishment and some positions from those who are for and against capital punishment will be giv en. Next, review the positions of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches, and interest groups on the issue and how these positions interplay with values of freedom, order, and equality. Then argue as to why capitol punishment should be outlawed. An advocate for the death penalty, District Attorney for Oklahoma City, Robert Macy stated, â€Å"When someone takes a life, the balance of justice is disturbed. Unless that balance is restored, society succumbs to a rule of violence. Only the taking of theShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1192 Words   |  5 PagesNo Death Penalty Capital crime is something that is meant for people that are found guilty of committing a serious crime, such as murder, rape, or theft. These are offences that should not be taken lightly but by killing the offender, the government is carrying about the action that they are trying to prevent. Also, the wrong person may be sentenced to death. After this person is executed, there is obviously nothing that can be done for the terrible mistake to be reversed. The death penalty shouldRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?. The Death Penalty982 Words   |  4 PagesShould the death penalty be abolished? The death penalty is a â€Å"term that applies to capital punishment and is the worst penalty given for committing a murder or an atrocious assault.† (Black s Law Dictionary). Death penalty has been a part of human society and is legally approved for centuries. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes. Death sentencesRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1925 Words   |  8 Pages Abstract This paper explores five published articles that report on discussion on the very old and yet to answer question of whether the death penalty in the USA should be abolished? The articles, however, vary in their stand on death penalty. In all article it is very different on publisher stand. They discuss thing argument with their own way and vision of thinking. Adina Nicoleta (2011) has raised question for fair trial on the proceeding of the criminal cases. In other article Maestro MarcelloRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1534 Words   |  7 PagesIntro The death penalty gives humans in our legal system rights to decide who deserves to live, a power only God should possess. Capital Punishment takes away our rights as equals. From its origins, the death penalty has been an inhumane, costly, ineffective, and biased form of punishment that needs to be abolished granting everyone their right to live. History of the Death Penalty Down through history, the death penalty has been adapted to be justifiable in the eyes of the people. By alteringRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1306 Words   |  6 Pageschanged since the 17th century, so why not the age old penalty of death? Capital punishment in the United States is a highly debated topic. Arguments that want to get rid of this method of punishment usually mention the many problems that capital punishment is plagued with. The death penalty has many issues that cannot be resolved, and since these issues can’t be solved, the death penalty should be abolished. â€Å"The irrevocable nature of the death penalty renders it an unsustainable and indefensible remedyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty is a very controversial topic in the United States. It is implemented for the purpose of providing safety to the community and bringing justice to victims and their families. The death penalty is leg al in thirty-one states (â€Å"31 States†), and there are over forty different types of federal capital crimes that are eligible for the death penalty. These include crimes such as treason and kidnapping that results in murder (â€Å"41 Federal†). However, many argue whether the death penalty isRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished968 Words   |  4 PagesEvery year, thousands of lives are legally taken under the death penalty. Why should we take more lives than the ones that have already been taken? The death penalty is the punishment of execution, carried out legally against an individual convicted of a capital crime. Its proponents argue that the death penalty deters other criminals who may intend to commit similar crimes in the future. However, there is little statistical evidence to support this claim. Also, execution eliminates the criminalRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1350 Words   |  6 PagesShould the death penalty be abolished? The death penalty, also known as capital punishment is a legal procedure in which a state executes a person for crimes he/she has committed. This punishment has been used by many states, and is normally used for serious crimes, especially murder. It is also used on crimes against the state such as treason, crimes against humanity, espionage, and violent crimes while other states use it as part of military justice. There are mixed reactions on capital punishmentRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1443 Words   |  6 Pages 6 Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished in the United States? Adalynne Francis CRJU 1000 Dr. Huss November 14, 14 Should capital punishment/ death penalty be abolished in the United States? Many feel that the death penalty is immoral and question whether the state and federal government deserve the right to kill those whom it has imprisoned. On the other hand, those opposed feel that by not acting upon the death penalty communities would plunge in anarchy and that byRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1691 Words   |  7 PagesThesis: The death penalty has to be abolished if American society wishes to progress. I. Introduction The death penalty, or capital punishment, is an archaic and barbaric practice; a fallacy of the criminal justice system. II. In the history of death penalty tells the accounts of the dramatic change over four centuries III. Counter argument A. Justice is the leading argument of supporters of capital punishment B. Supporters of the death penalty argue that the death penalty provides retribution

Models of Organized Crimeexecutive Summary Free Essays

Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Jennifer Peel CJA/384 November 26, 2012 Marco Faggione Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Within the criminal justice field there are two different types of organizations and those organizations are bureaucratic and patron-client organizations. This paper will discuss the several assorted reasons why and how the bureaucratic and patron-client organizations are different. The patron-client organization chooses to break the law. We will write a custom essay sample on Models of Organized Crimeexecutive Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, the bureaucratic organizations are those that are there to enforce it. Although there are many differences between these two organizations, they also have commonalities. This paper will address so many more ways that make these two unique types of organizations different. The Patron-client Organization A patron-client organization is an assembly of criminal individuals who swapped data and assembled a successful system between the main bosses and important political figures. The patron-client organization is typically organized using a hierarchy system which consists of one boss, an underboss, an advisor, captains, and members. The main boss hands down commands to the underboss. The underboss relates the information to captains, who also has lackeys to do the dirty work. All members of a patron-client organization must go through prior initiation. Moreover, patron-client organizations are similar to a very close family in the top tier. The patron-client appears to recruit solely within their group. They tend to identify members with a common factor for recruitment. All members may be of the same ethnic group, family or other common factor. When it comes to the lower level, with the members, that tightness spreads out some. With this allowance of a somewhat spider web manner, there is a better chance of elusiveness when it come to the head figures. This way, the main bosses are able to evade apprehension as well as initial detection form the justice system. The organization is then able to continue daily operations with no issues (Lyman, 2007). When it comes to the patron-client organization control is a special problem ecause of the amount of people in the organization and the length of communication of commands have to travel. So the inability to establish command oversight with the leaders in management with the members in the lower tiers is a large problem (â€Å"Florida International University†, 2007). Something that this group provides is economic aid and protection from outside influences that their clients may be facing. While the group is providing this service, the client will repay the organization wi th such things like intangible items like loyalty to the organization in the future and esteem. The patrons of the organization will act as power brokers for their clients and the rest of society. The Bureaucratic Organization Bureaucratic organizations are more official consisting of hard guidelines, protocols, practices, and procedures. This is unlike the patron-client organization because without administrative approval, the low ranked members may not make any decisions. Called the red tape rule, administration must process the formal documentation before processing all major decisions. Unlike the patron-client organization, which the lower level members can make small decisions without any approval as long as it benefits the organization. If there are no benefits to the organization, the member will receive some sort of punishment. A bureaucratic organization, blames financial troubles solely on the administrations whereas in a patron-client organization, holding everyone financially responsible and involving all members in the success or failure of the organization (WeeKoh, 2009). The Similarities All criminal organization models consist of comparisons and contrasts but the main purpose is to benefit law enforcement, researchers, society, and professionals with a better understanding of how criminal organizations develop domestically and internationally. Professional psychologists, sociologists, and criminologist’s base models on corroborating studies, data, facts, and creditable arguments collected. The information that presented focuses on organizational structure, function and reason, participants, and clients. In addition, each model incorporates detail specific unique features. The models presented are tools that provide answers to questions, offer an explanation to why individuals engage in illegal activity, how criminal organizations develop, and why most criminal organizations are successful. These are just a few of the similarities that exist (Lyman, 2007). Although it appears there are more similarities in both the bureaucratic and patron-client organizations such as their involvement in both legitimate and illegitimate means of business. Both parties hide behind legitimate businesses to cover alternative means of business opportunities, and both parties follow a structured and strictly regulated organization with various levels of power. The Differences The main difference between the two organizations is the shared opportunities and contributions to the organization. The patron-client appears to welcome the input and contributions of each member which gives each member the sense of pride and empowerment as a group that is lacking with the bureaucratic organization. Failure in the bureaucratic organization is blamed on the negligence of those in charge, not in the failure as a group which would be the perception of the patron-client organization. The differences between bureaucratic and patron-client organizations are visible as bureaucratic deals with offices that do things by the law. They do not take extensive training in customer service and do not concentrate on being nice. The offices that are being referred to are government offices such as Welfare, DMV, and Section 8. In contrast, patron-client facilities are offices or places that focus upon pleasing their clients because if they don’t, the patron will go to another facility to get their needs met. This brings us to the similarities and differences of the models of organized crime. These types of models are exceedingly important to understanding organized crime as each provides a wide-range of valuable information. Models just like theories can present what environmental locations are more likely to show signs of developmental progress of criminal organizations than other sites. This in return can be extremely useful in many ways as it allows law enforcement the ability to implement methods that will deter, prevent, detect, and apprehend individuals involved with illegal organizations and operations. Furthermore, law enforcement can educate society on crime prevention methods, and establish numerous anti-crime and awareness programs, such as neighborhood watch (Lyman, 2007). After carefully researching the patron-client and bureaucratic organization, one clearly can see that legal and illegal organizations have one main purpose to profit. Each organization has numerous similarities and differences, but structuring both in such a fashion that there is always someone who is in charge of maintaining the organizations success. Models just like theories provide useful information to law enforcement, society, and professionals. Consider these models as tools that allow law enforcement and society an opportunity to protect assets while detecting, preventing, apprehending, and deterring the individual wrongdoer or a highly developed criminal organization. References Florida International University. (2007). Retrieved from http://chua2. fiu. edu/faculty/byrnesj/organizedweek1-1. htm Lyman, M. D. , Potter, G. W. (2007). Organized crime (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. WeeKoh. (2009). Bureaucratic organization. Retrieved from http://weekoh. wordpress. com/2009/02/28/briefly-identify-the-main-features-of-bureaucratic-organizations-why-has-bureaucracy-been-accused-of-wiping-out-the-individual-responsibility-of-the-employee/ How to cite Models of Organized Crimeexecutive Summary, Essay examples

Native Son Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Native Son Argumentative Essay Richard Wright s Native son demonstrates how evil can be created by power driven, racist white society. His novel depicts one black man, Bigger Thomas as being forced to commit violence by his social circumstance. The story is an eye opener, one who’s main purpose is to bring awareness to many blind and racist whites. In order to reveal to them that they are part of the problem. That they too play a large role in creating the very creatures they can t stand. Native son contains many messages, the novel focuses around violence, oppression, and lack of hope for the future and fear in society. Wright tries to express that Bigger Thomas is not so unique, but rather is a representative of young black men. Bigger Thomas was set up to fail from the beginning of his life in one way or another by the status allocated to him by society. It is not so hard to conceive that a man could commit horrible crimes when he was forced to grow up in a life situation which left him option less. Bigger like his fellow blacks was given a choice by the oppressive, fearful, racist white society. He could be miserable and work or be miserable and not work. Between these options there was little room for happiness, a sense of hope or the opportunity to better his situation in life. Even if Bigger did work no matter how hard he worked he could never have moved out of his neighborhood because blacks weren t allowed to move anywhere else. It was this institutional racism which prohibited Bigger to feel a sense of identity or gain feelings of individualism. The white racist societies categorized Bigger and all blacks into one group. A group that was by their views subhuman, and horrible. These views led Whites to suppress the black man to keep him forever under the white man. However, the reason for this way of thinking sprang from fear. This fear ultimately yielded a Bigger Thomas who felt he couldn t develop his own identity because no matter what, white society would just see him as a member of that black group as if they were all the same. However, this resulted in Bigger Thomas acting out and committing violent acts. This violent creature sprang from his habitat. Bigger found a sense of freedom and identity in his acts of violence. It was through this violence which forced the white race to take notice and recognize Bigger Thomas as a person. On p391 Bigger comments I didn t want to kill! †¦But what I killed for I am. This quote acts as proof revealing white societies refusal to take notice of Bigger, enraged him so much that he was forced to act out and kill to gain the recognition and sense of individualism which white society had enjoyed arrogantly for more than a century. White society feared loosing their power over blacks, which is one of the main reasons why the white landlords forced blacks to pay high rents and live in the slums. By keeping the African American race in debt and constantly out of money they were forced to rely on white people and be subservient to them. The life of Bigger Thomas living in a one bedroom apartment with his whole family and rats is what most black families had to endure. This lack of space provided no room for an individual to grow and be alone. Producing a race of people who had no sense of identity. It was the white races fear which prompted them to make the black race as weak as possible. Wrights use of fear and how it is a determinate in the book is obvious and purposeful. .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5 , .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5 .postImageUrl , .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5 , .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5:hover , .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5:visited , .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5:active { border:0!important; } .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5:active , .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5 .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua9a07a4ac6474f787c820cb46b1df0b5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A New World Not So Far Away There are a lot of differences between the American and Chinese culture and values EssayIt provides a more in depth look at the injustice done onto blacks by both whites and themselves. Bigger along with his fellow African Americans were also living with fear. They feared the white race, they knew they had been subjects of their circumstance and they knew that white society created and maintained that unjust circumstance at all costs. This knowledge kept blacks like Bigger Thomas down and afraid to do things like rob a white mans store and try to better there situation in life. It is through this fear which blocked the growth of Bigger Thomas s individual identity. White society did there best to suppress Bigger Thomas and everyone like him. Wright depicts religion throughout the book as a sort of opium which Bigger sees as white society again using whatever they can to suppress the blacks and throughout the book that opium is religion. Bigger comes to this conclusion on p313 where he comments to the reader that the cross was not the cross of Christ but the cross of the Ku Klux Klan. and then follows it up by shouting That s a goddamn lie! implying the cross is a lie. It is here where Bigger losses all faith in religion because he views it as a white mans tool to suppress the black man. He sees the KKK burning the cross and he starts to think that they also dominant religion. He remembers how his mother constantly goes to church and realizes that religion sedates his mother just like the white folks want it too, religion allows Bigger’s mother and many other black people to escape the horrible reality in which they are living because religion emphasizes how good and happy life will be after death. Bigger intelligently says on p329 all they did was sing and shout and pray all the time. And it didn t get em nothing. The white folks got everything†¦ Bigger continues with his final statement summing up why he doesn t believe in religion and why he thinks it is a tool of the white man by declaring I wanted to be happy in this world, not out of it. Bigger dissects his own thoughts and realizes white people like all blacks to believe in religion because then they(whites) can do what they want with us(black people). Bigger’s realization is supposed to be a vehicle alerting whites and blacks to be more aware of their actions and how injustice comes in many forms and as Bigger Thomas thought in the form of organized religion. However, the main purpose of the novel is to show how society plays a role in the creation of a man who resents, hates and fears the white race who confine his life and make it so narrow. They tell him what to do, where he can live, and where he can work. This type of dominance produces both a person lacking a sense of identity and a person capable of horrible acts. Because Bigger Thomas was deprived of the means to live a decent life, he became a time bomb waiting to explode into a violent rage. Wright wants to reveal that society is shaping numerous Bigger Thomas s and if we want them to stop growing and murdering we have to take the first step and change the racist society which is creating these monsters who are set up and expected to fail. Creating a person who has no opportunities or hope can only produce monsters who feel they have nothing to loose but everything to gain.

Extinction of Giant Panda free essay sample

The Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca, literally meaning cat-foot black-and-white) is a bear native to central-western and south western China. The Giant Panda lives in a few mountain ranges in central China, mainly in Sichuan province, but also in the Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. It is easily recognized by its large, distinctive black patches around the eyes, over the ears, and across its round body. Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the Giant Pandas diet is 99% bamboo. Other parts of its diet include honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, and bananas when available. Due to farming, deforestation, and other development, the Giant Panda has been driven out of the lowland areas where it once lived. The Giant Panda is a conservation reliant endangered species. While the dragon has historically served as Chinas national emblem, in recent decades the Giant Panda has also served as an emblem for the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Extinction of Giant Panda or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Giant Panda is an endangered species, threatened by continued habitat loss and by a very low birthrate, both in the wild and in captivity. Today, the giant pandas future remains uncertain. As Chinas economy continues rapidly developing, this bamboo-eating member of the bear family faces a number of threats. Its forest habitat, in the mountainous areas of southwest China, is increasingly fragmented by roads and railroads. Habitat loss continues to occur outside of protected areas, while poaching remains an ever-present threat. The steps taken by the chinese government to save these creatures are: †¢Reduction of human activities in the panda habitat †¢Removal of human settlements †¢Modification of forestry operations †¢Control of poaching †¢Rehabilitation of habitat †¢Management of bamboo habitat †¢Extension of the panda Reserve system †¢Achieving outbreeding between panda populations †¢Maintaining a captive population †¢Release of captive-born pandas into the wild

The Importance of Forecasting on Sales Management Decision Making

The Importance of Forecasting on Sales Management Decision Making Introduction In recent times, the business environment has increasingly become more unpredictable. This has made it very important for organizations across the globe to become vigilant when it comes to the issue of forecasting. In fact, for any organization to be successful in today’s business world, its methods of predicting the future in the key areas of its main business has to be improved continually. Otherwise, it faces the threat of becoming obsolete. Forecasting is therefore, a tool to be highly appreciated by the businesspersons of this century.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Importance of Forecasting on Sales Management Decision Making specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Forecasting is therefore the process of estimating or predicting the future outcome of different business aspects by use of historical data. These business aspects include; sales, revenue, market share, profits, expenses and ma ny more. Forecasting is formed from two words, â€Å"fore†: Al Etisal distribution co. is one of the famous food and consumer goods Distribution Company in Baghdad. They have a wider range of products. Prince ice cream is one of their products that they start selling since 2009. Sales have a steady growth and its seasons have a significant impact on the ice cream sales. Management expects total sales for 2012 to be 3200.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Price ice cream sales unit management is required to set their forecast for 2012. They should find the best way in estimating the demand for the ice cream. Below are the historical sales data for Prince ice cream for the last three years The above example is highly affected by seasons and therefore the sales forecasts have to incorporate the seasons in their formulation. It is also an example of a quantitative problem. Therefore, time series is applicable in this problem specifically trend projection and by use of a seasonality index (Agee,258). Month Sales by Case 2009 Sales by Case 2010 Sales by Case 2011 average sale for the three years average monthly demand seasonal index sales forecasts2012 Jan 30 33 42 35 186 0.188 50 Feb 28 32 49 36 186 0.196 52 Mar 35 47 55 46 186 0.246 66 Apr 55 67 90 71 186 0.380 101 May 194 180 209 194 186 1.046 279 Jun 290 280 376 315 186 1.698 453 Jul 459 504 703 555 186 2.990 797 Aug 350 490 543 461 186 2.482 662 Sep 189 227 290 2 35 186 1.267 338 Oct 76 142 188 135 186 0.729 194 Nov 62 109 97 89 186 0.481 128 Dec 42 56 68 55 186 0.298 79 total average sales 2229 total expected sales= 3200 Average monthly sales = total average sales/ 12 months= 2229/12 =186 Seasonal index = average 3 years sales/ average monthly sales Causal models These models employ the use regression models to forecast sales. They come up with a list of variables that have effect on the sales of the product in question and through regression; they plot the various possibilities and therefore come up with reliable forecasts. Qualitative models Delphi method uses the views of various professionals or experts in the field who analyse the situation and provide their professional views. Normally, the group of experts includes; key decision makers, staff, and the respondents. The staff and respondents provide assistance based on their areas of expertise to the decision makers, who in turn come up with the forecas ts. Jury of executive methods uses the opinions of a jury made up of high-level managers and key decision makers to make forecasts. The group may however receive support from other technical professionals who provide background information to assist in decision-making. Other qualitative methods include; sales force composite and consumer market survey. The latter uses consumer opinions while the former employs the opinions of the salespersons to come up with sales forecasts (Pinney,56). Conclusion In summary, sales forecasting is an important ingredient to success in the current and future business world. Therefore, management has to put emphasis on it to reap the benefits tied to the application of these tools. Management has to keep improving their approach to this process to remain relevant. Agee, Marvin H. Quantitative Analysis for Management Decisions. London: Prentice Hall, 2001. Anderson, David R and Dennis Sweeny. Quantitative Methods for Business. Chicago: South-Western Co llege, 2009. Hiller, Fredrick S and Mark S Hiller. Introduction to Management Science: A Modeling and Case Studies Approach with Spreadsheets. London: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2010. Pinney, William E. Management Science: An Introduction to Quantitative Analysis for Management. Toronto: Harpercollins College , 2000. Render, Barry, Ralph M Stair and Michael E Hanna. Quantitative Analysis for Management. London: Prentice Hall, 2011. Taylor, Bernard R. Introduction to Management Science. London: Prentice Hall, 2009.

Women are Better Listeners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Women are Better Listeners - Essay Example Though the use of a scanning technique known as magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the study has shown that there is a major difference between the neural activity of men and women who were listening to someone who was reading aloud. This paper will discuss aspects that show that the results that women are better listeners than men are true. In the current society, more women have joined the corporate world. Despite numerous limitations, organizations that are led by women perform better than those that are led by men. This is because a good leader must listen to the rest of the subordinates. As a result, women leaders are able to listen to the grievances of the rest of the employees. Therefore, they are able to understand their concern and connect closely with them. Consequently, the employees feel motivated to work in the organization. This plays a significant role in enabling the company to achieve the set objectives. This is because, through effective leadership, they feel that they are an integral part of the organization. On the other hand, women are able to easily implement an open office policy. This enables the employees to communicate directly to the top office without the use of the intermediaries. This makes it easy for the leader to intervene on issues that are affecting the performance of the workforce. Th is is achieved through listening keenly and understanding the issue in depth thereby, making it easy for them to come up with effective solutions. This is unlike their men counterparts who are quick to make judgments even before listening to all parties that are in a dispute. Therefore, employees who are led by men tend to fear opening up because the man can react even before listening to both sides of the story.

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW IN HEALTH CARE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

CRIMINAL AND CIVIL LAW IN HEALTH CARE - Essay Example The stakeholders own the corporation. They do not participate in the daily company operations, although they influence corporate major decisions. They also vote for and remove the BOD members from office. Finally, the stakeholders also take part in constituting and amending company by laws, Articles of Incorporation. They also handle mergers and any sales and dissolutions. Corporate authority is categorized into express and implied. According to Pozgar, â€Å"Express corporate authority is the power specifically delegated by statute. A health care corporation derives authority to act with from the laws of the state in which it is incorporated. The articles of incorporation set forth the purpose(s) of the corporation’s existence and the powers the corporation is authorized to exercise in order to carry out its purposes. Implied corporate authority is the right to perform any and all acts necessary to exercise a corporation’s expressly conferred authority and to accomplish the purpose(s) for which it is created.† How do corporations come into play in the delivery of healthcare services? Health care organisations are incorporated as non profit corporations, thus they are exempted from the taxation bracket and are open to receive donor’s contributions. In the delivery of health care services, corporations ensure that they follow the stated mandate and incorporation by laws. Else, the governing body would be held accountable for not performing procedures in its written scope, which is an ultra vires act. An example of this would be employing someone who is not conversant with the health care practice. How do corporate ethics impact healthcare? They build and restore trust in the system. People are trusting health care facilities in how they operate, treat patients, how they inform their patients on their rights and responsibilities and the procedures to follow in the event of improper conduct. Corporate ethics has also

Race in Turn of the Century America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Race in Turn of the Century America - Essay Example The racial discrimination has been in the society and continues to be the main problem in the society. Racial discrimination is still prevalent in the American society as witnessed by some of the comments aired after the re-election of president Obama. Discrimination may not be at a high magnitude as it as in the 1900s, but still exists in the society in a minimal form (University, US Immigration). Discrimination and immigrants The slavery and colonial era led to the development of the legally sanctioned racism which impacted negatively in the society especially on the African American, Native Americans, Asian Americans and Latin American. The law offered the privilege to the Europeans Americans in issues of education, immigration, citizenship and voting rights. Additionally, the ownership rights were also a privilege for the European Americans. The legal protection led to increased discrimination of population based on race. The criminal procedures over the 17th century to the 20th century treated the Anglo European American better while discriminating other races. Many races suffered xenophobic exclusion and segregation in the American society. The laws encourage the discrimination based on the race by treating the white or Anglo European immigrants as better citizens than the natives. These laws made it impossible for immigrant of other descend to obtain the necessary services that they require, leading to a serious problem in the process especially when handling issues of equity in the population. The failure to address the various issues was spearheaded by the discriminatory laws developed to protect the right of the Anglo European Americans (University, Imperialism, 2010). The role of the bill of rights The bill of rights was initially applied to the federal government, but has been held to apply to the other states. The change was achieved through the fourteenth amendment. 10 amendments of the constitution that is collective referred to the bill of right s occurred in December 15th 1791. The amendments captured issues of freedom of speech religion and association, rights to keep and bear arms, and conditions for quarters among of the soldiers. Rights of search and seizure was also regulated (Burgan, 2006). The unnecessary searches by police and arrests were regulated by the amendments of the bill of rights. Additionally, the amendments were influential in the defining the bill of rights of the citizens. Initially, the bill protected only the American white farmers, by offering protection to their land and property until amended by James Madison and the United States Congress. The ten amendments helped in the development of the new way of protecting citizens rights (Patterson, 2004). An amendment to be evaluated is the provisions concerning prosecution, right to a speedy trial, right to trial by a jury, excessive bail and cruel punishment, rule of construction of the constitution and Rights of states under the constitution. The role of unions in equity development The formation of workers union and the relationship with the employers has changed significantly. During the 1900s, when the book was written, employers would shut down their plan if workers chose to unionize. Employers could make it difficult for those individuals to get work or even get hours during the work. Had Wagner Act existed, the problem could have been solved through empowering the unions

How employable individuals turn their focus to start-ups?

How employable individuals turn their focus to start-ups? How employable individuals turn their focus to start-ups? An Empirical Study on Factors Motivating Business Students to Move to the Entrepreneurial Sector Abstract. This exploratory study is attempts to examine how employable individuals turn their focus to start-ups. Today, majority of employees still practise a more or less self-protective strategy. In this paper the researcher has reported on the results of an empirical study of factors motivating degreed potential employees to move to self enterprising. The deciding factors to become an entrepreneur and of sustainable employment-oriented factors to be analyzed in order to discover how they differ. Participants consisted of 200 students from Malaysia entered final year of business undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Self-administered questionnaires were used to gather data on factors and types of relationships influencing career choice and entrepreneurial intention. The results will serve as a basis for improvement of employment practices and promising entrepreneurial curriculum in universities to support start-ups in creating sustainable businesses. 1. Introduction Today, employees still act in accordance with employers official contracts and not making efforts to attract prioritize attention from local independent business owners. This papers main aim is to take a fresh look into graduates expectation on the factors motivating employees when considering switching jobs if employed and to identify the level of interest as they commence and develop entrepreneurial ventures. The study principally examined why students decide to become entrepreneurs, therefore, seven main issues associated with graduates motivation as they established, driving and developing their businesses, these being chosen following a process of pilot studying of graduating students. 2. Review of Literature 2.1. Overview A number of researchers have attempted to consider factors such as gender, grade point average, duration and field of study and entrepreneurial family background as important factors affecting students perception and attitudes towards the prospect of new own business formation, and some of these factors clearly enhance or inhabit such tendency (Oakey, Mukhtar and Kipling, 2002). 2.2.Motivation Generation of start up ideas have been explored by a number of researchers. Opportunity recognition is dependent on whether the entrepreneur was extrinsically stimulated. A leading entrepreneurship text has recognised the â€Å"important implications for entrepreneurs who need to be creative in their thinking† and of the concept that creativity can be learned or enhanced (Timmons Spinelli, 2008). The three types of opportunities identification to the field of entrepreneurship as established by Sarasvathy, Dew, Velamuri, and Venkataraman (2003) are recognized, discovered and created. There are various motives to start a new venture. According to Amit, McCrimmon, Zietsma and Oesch (2001), money is important but not necessarily most important. They argue that some of the key non-monetary motives for starting up a business include the wish to be independent and the combination of work and household responsibilities. These start-up motives may have important consequences for the d egree of (over)optimism that characterizes (promising) entrepreneurs. For example, if an entrepreneur is mainly driven by wealth creation, it may be expected that (s)he is more likely to be disappointed if the turnover in the first year is relatively low. If the entrepreneur is driven by the wish to be independent, (s)he may be unpleasantly surprised by the strong reliance upon a limited number of clients or the bank. If the primary start-up motive is exploiting a perceived opportunity, the entrepreneur may be faced with other people who came up with the same idea or possibly an overestimated market demand for the (new) product. Gilad and Levine (1986), agreed in their analysis on intrinsic and extrinsic that there are discrimination between start-up motives. Intrinsic motives include the desire for independence and combining work with care for family members. Entrepreneurs who are driven by such motives will probably be less inclined to set unrealistically high pecuniary goals. Extrinsic motives include two categories: pull and push factors. An opportunity of perceived profit is an important pull factor of entrepreneurship, while (the threat of) unemployment is a well-known push factor. Regarding the exploitation of opportunities, As Hayward, Shepherd and Griffin (2006) argued, initiators of new ventures with overconfident will execute too much capital to the opportunities. If entrepreneurs are ‘blinded by their own ideas and fail to adequately assess the competition and the (potential) problems to transform the opportunity into a profitable venture, over optimism is around the corner. Those who under employment or unemployment, belief that creating new businesses promising more expected utility (Douglas Shepherd, 2000; Van Praag Cramer, 2001). 3. Methodology Gartner (1989) proposed that a common limitation of studies into the predictors of entrepreneurial intentions is the failure of investigators to choose samples that are (1) comprised solely of people who are serious about entrepreneurship and (2) who are in the process of making the decision to become involved in creating a new business. Krueger, Reilly and Carsrud (2000) find that studies comprising samples of upper-division college students can uncover job-related preferences at a time when respondents are struggling with important career decisions. Therefore, it is acceptable and appropriate to investigate entrepreneurial intent utilizing a sample of upper-class college students. (Brice and Nelson, 2008), it is important to note that the population of interest in their study consists of individuals who perceive that they will become entrepreneurs and not necessarily only those who will actually become entrepreneurs. This difference is significant because while actions has been dem onstrated to be predicted by intentions. Therefore, the focus of this research remains at the entrepreneurial intentions level of analysis. The sample chosen consists of postgraduate and undergraduate business degree program students who were nearing graduation. When students contemplate graduation, they may also develop immediate career plans and long-range goals. The respondents are those from the business disciplines because, based on their discipline interest, they have already decided to pursue business-related careers. For that reason, a homogeneous sampling of university college students was included in this study. This study sample consisted of 200 students from University Colleges in Malaysia who participated utilizing a structured questionnaire data collection methodology. Subjects consisted of final (3rd) year business undergraduates and final year Master of Business Administration (MBA) students in the concentrations of management. They were appropriate primarily because their academic concentration implied that they had serious interest in pursuing a business career. Based on literatures to establish the major impressions and domains associated with start up intentions, the researcher has gathered his own survey instrument with a series of 29 employment -self employment related motivational items that could be feasibly responded by students. The 7 main themes covered by the survey questions include firm and owner characteristics; interest to start-up; motivation to switch job if employed; career preferred timing and industry; medium for seeking employment: desire and prospect of rewards and opportunity; criteria of choosing employers. Many of the items overlapped conceptually, but one of the aims of the pilot study was to trim the study items after determining which preeminent represented the constructs. The researcher contacted students directly via targeted groups of respondents list originating from the Faculty of their academic major program. Responses were gathered on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = â€Å"extremely undesirable† to 5 = â€Å"extremely desirable.† and total scale score was obtained by averaging the nine questions. Any items with a negative valence were reverse coded so that higher scores were indicative of favorable entrepreneurial -related motivations. Table 1, shows the hypotheses to be tested in this study. 4. Analysis and Results Students primary motivations to start-up were probed once all the related information from the respondents was entirely obtained. In order to establish instrument reliability, Cronbachs coefficient alpha was computed. The reliability coefficient was 0.71 which indicates that the instrument was reliable in its measurement of determinants for start ups. Information pertaining to each respondents age, gender, and expected salary was obtained to use as control variables in the analysis. Each of these control variables was recorded as non-continuous, categorical predictors. Then, data reduction technique is used to unfold the information embedded in the survey data. Hypothesis 1: Intention for independent business start-ups is higher than joining established firms After elimination of subjects with survey questionnaires were only partially completed, the final sample totalled 196 students. As shown in Table 2, this sample was equally represented between the genders, consisting of 107 (54.6%) males and 89 (45.4%) females. Subjects were primarily graduating undergraduate business students (65.8%) and graduating postgraduate students (34.2%). In fact, there were 129 bachelor degree students who aged below 25 years than MBA students who aged 26 and above. The majority of subjects were expecting salary between RM5001- RM15000 (56.2%) which is not in accordance or earnable with employment even in established firms. Students responses for exploring into entrepreneurial sector were gathered on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = â€Å"Very Keen† to 5 = â€Å"Not interested at all.† Since the mean, median and mode values are very close to each other, it shows the data is symmetrical. The mean for the 196 students is 2.08 with a standard deviation of 1.088. The Trimmed mean value of 2.01 is similar to the mean above. Hence, shows there are no outliers in the data set. In this survey, since the sample size is 196, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used. The p-value of the test is less than 0.001. Hence, the data is not distributed normal. Of the 196 students, 77 (39.3%) very enthusiastic towards start-ups, 52 (26.5%) eager to start-up, 46 (23.5%) open to any opportunity, and 16 (8.2%) to consider start-up option. Out of total, 5 (2.6%) prefer employment. Since the correlation value is within 0.5 to 0.8, start-up intention among degree students is said to correlate â€Å"adequately† with at least one other variables in the construct. In this survey, the KMO value is 0.819, which is considered good. Bartletts test of sphericity is used to analyse whether the correlation matrix is an identity matrix. Identity matrix can be ruled out if the p-value of the test is less than 0.05 (Karuthan and Krishna, 2009). In this model, since the p-value is less than 0.001, the researcher proceeds with factor analysis. Since the researcher wanted to study the underlying construct among the six variables: Curiosity, Interest, Consideration, Preparation, Setting Up and Start-up Timing. This is a single underlying concept; therefore, it is called the â€Å"Start-up Intent Structure†. Since the â€Å"Start-up Intent Structure† varies from person to person, it is a variable too. However, it cannot be measured by physical means. Hence, it is called a latent variable or just factor. The model for â€Å"Start-up Intent Structure† is given in Figure 4. In Figure 4, one can visualize six simultaneous regression functions: Curiosity, Interest, Consideration, Preparation, Setting Up and Start-up Timing as the dependents and â€Å"Start-up Intent Structure† as the independent. Curiosity = L1 Ãâ€" â€Å"Start-up Intent Structure† + e1 Interest = L2 Ãâ€" â€Å"Start-up Intent Structure† + e2 Consideration = L3 Ãâ€" â€Å"Start-up Intent Structure† + e3 Preparation = L4 Ãâ€" â€Å"Start-up Intent Structure† + e4 Setting Up = L5 Ãâ€" â€Å"Start-up Intent Structure† + e5, Start-up Timing = L6 Ãâ€" â€Å"Start-up Intent Structure† + e6 where Lis are called the factor loadings and eis are the error terms. Table 4.1, since there are 6 variables in this analysis, 6 components (or factors) are listed in the first column. The respective eigen values and percent of variance explained are provided in the next two columns. For Factor 1, the eigen value is 3.109 and the variance is 51.811% of the total variance. For factor 3, 4,5 and 6 the eigen value is less than the default value of 1. In the same table, under â€Å"Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings†, only two factors are listed, corresponding to the factors for which the eigen values is more than 1. Based on the cumulative % column, these factors explain 68.792% of the total variance in the 6 original variables. According to Karuthan and Krishna, (2009) established that, in social sciences, at least 50% of the total variance in the variables in analysis must be explained by the factor of factors. In this survey, a single factor extracted explains more than 50% of the total variance in the original variables. Hypothesis 2: Motivations to switch job if employed in established firms associated with independent business start-ups One way Analysis of Variance is used to test if there is a difference in means between motivation variables. Based on Kruskal Wallis Test (Table 5) for the mean ranks, obviously, the degreed students are looking for a more challenging career in terms of expanded scope of work, more responsibilities and change in career path rank much higher compared to the students who looking to join a more established and stable organisations. On the other hand, 82.20% students feel that they need to escape from unfavourable office working environment such as not happy with peers, bosses, office politics and etc. Table 3.1, supports students interest, whereby 97.4 cumulative percent and mean rank shown probability of considering the new business start-up. Table 6, the p-value for the Levenes test for equality of variance is 0.000, which is less than 0.05. Thus, equality of variances is not assumed. Table 7 depicts that the F-value is 3.933 and the degrees of freedoms are 7 and 188. A small F statistic implies that the difference between group means is small and, hence, it could be concluded that there is no difference between the group means. The p-value of the test is 0.000, which is less than 0.05 and the eta-squared value of 0.128, which is less than 0.15, hence, at least one pair of means differ significantly. Therefore there is a need to identify the pair that differs significantly. In this case nonparametric test is performed. Based on Kruskal Wallis Test, the p-value of this test is 0.000, which is less than 0.05. Thus, at least one reason differs in terms of motivation towards self-employment rather employment. From the mean of all motivation constructs, it could be argued that most students are keen to start their own business (mean rank 109.37) and the main motive for start-up rather than considering employment is looking for more challenging career (mean rank = 110.89), followed by working environment reasons (mean rank = 82.20) and the need for financial security (mean rank = 68.96). The researcher identified two types of potential entrepreneurs depending upon their purposes at the time of commencing the business: firstly self-regulating who placed high priority on not having to work for others, and secondly, â€Å"company-men who builds the organization. This research obtains interesting findings and makes important tri-party contributions for students as future entrepreneurs, for policy makers in large established companies and for the decision-makers or curriculum designers of universities. As the results have shown, the motivation that encourages students to start up a new business, their curiosity with the idea of the new business or the hard work they are willing to put in preparation stage of the new business, along with their start-up timing, are key in the start up of the new businesses. Observing this principle, the new businesses are formed not only by those graduates who can do it, however, by the graduates who to do it coupling with those who have the â€Å"acquired eagerness† to do that. However, policy makers in established companies need to ensure that their employees working in a conducive office working environment with focusing more on employee relationship management. That probably will prevent employees to switch job looking for favourable working environment which free of office politics. Within this framework, educators are playing a very important role. Recently, Malaysian universities and governmental bodies have made efforts which include courses on new venture creation, however, it is not sufficient since the subject is not practiced or implemented from the lowest levels of schooling. 4. Acknowledgements A special thanks is due to the Dean of Business and Accountancy Faculty without whose openness and candor this research would have been impossible.

The Roman Empire :: essays research papers

The remains of the Western Roman state had been ruled since 476 by Odovacar, as supposed viceroy in the West to Eastern Emperor Zeno. The latter was uncomfortable with this arrangement, as Odovacar had presented him with a fait accompli. At the same time, in the mid 480s, Zeno was facing repeated invasions into Eastern Roman lands by the Ostrogoths under Theodoric. After the uprising against and defeat of the Huns in the 450s, the Ostrogoths had settled on the Byzantine side of the Danube en masse through foederati agreements by Byzantine Emperor Leo I. At his death in 474, they left their reservations based on hospitalitas, criss-crossing Thrace and the Balkans in search of food and in general warfare. By the late 470s, Theodoric had gained prominence as an Ostrogothic leader. Alternately supporting Leo II against rebels such as the general Illus and the Germanic-roman officer Theodoric Strabo, and revolting in search of food and better office in the Roman system, the Ostrogoths sp ent the greater part of the 480s raiding up and down the Balkans. At the same time, Odovacar in the West had heard of Zeno's plans to oust him, so launched a preemptive strike into Pannonia, the Western Balkans, hitting the Rugians hard. In 488, Zeno thus offered Theodoric the position of Master of Soldiers in Italy, in return for unseating Odovacar. Tired of a seventeen-year trek through Byzantine lands, Theodoric agreed. Passing through Pannonia, he acquired Rugian and Gepid troops through 489, then moved into Northern Italy, attracting Burgundians and Visigoths to the fight. He quickly reduced Odovacar to Ravenna, which was put under siege until 493. Then, in a banquet called to signal reconciliation, Theodoric and his servants murdered their opponent. Thus from 493, Theodoric established the first post-Roman kingdom in the West. By the 510s his lands included all of Italy, stretching past Milan in the north to the Alpine regions, where the kingdom abutted the Franks as well as the Burgundians in the northwest. Provence was also included in southeastern France, after Frankish defeats of the Visigoths in the region. Finally, Pannonian and Dalmatian lands along the Adriatic were incorporated into Ostrogothic dominions. Legally, he presented himself to Italian Latins as the Emperor Zeno's Master of Soldiers for the region, and maintained as thoroughly as possible Roman urban and rural administration, including the Senate. To the Germanics, however, he was a king. In

Resourcing Talent Assignment

Activity A (1000 words) 4 factors that affect an organization’s approach to attracting talent| * The type of talent they look to attract: I mean which competencies will be more suitable to the job they want. * The sector which the organization is operating in. As some sectors are much easier to find the talents than others. As sometimes so sectors got many employees working in than others for instance, in Egypt, It is much easier to find talents in Tourism and hospitality sector than to find in Nuclear energy sector! Corporate culture and how they accept the new employees: As this a major factor that would affect their approach; I mean to do it publicly so the employees know that the company is hiring a new CEO or that should be done secretly. * The size of the company is a crucial factor: Big businesses impress job candidates by offering a bevy of benefits, brand-name recognition and maybe even a big coffee brand name in the lobby of the company. The power of their brand: is definitely would affect their way. As big brands are easily to attract talents compared to a nameless brand.The resources available to them (financial and otherwise) that is why they would chose an easy to way to attract the talent (the recruitment method they would use) and their selection methods would be very tough to select the best from the big pool of candidates they get (attracting company). | 3 organization benefits of attracting and retaining a diverse workforce| Recruitment reflections benefit:Recruiting and maintaining a diverse workforce has its effect on the talents pool that any organization has in its blood stream.Widening the view for recruitment for all ethnic groups, different sexes, and different religions will definitely help to have all types of talents in the same place that will be reflected on the business outcomes. Reputation:Enhancing the organization’s reputation and image with external stakeholders. Many observational studies and surveys have tried to explore this area and its impact on any organization and its business.One of them had a reflective results, as its findings revealed that of the people surveyed that were currently employed, 58 percent would take a job with a company that had a bad reputation of diversity if they were offered more money. However, on average, these individuals would only consider the job if offered double their current salary. So it is quite clear how diversity in the workplace is now considered one of the attractions to any employee and how its absence would affect the cost of operations. Culture benefit:Managing better the impact of globalization and technological changeImproving knowledge of how operate in different cultures. 3 factors that affect an organization’s approach to recruitment and selection| Legal framework and working ethics:As the unlawful discrimination is prohibited, fairness and equality of opportunity could have legal requirements to be considered in the recruitment an d selection processes. Budget:Budget is one of the crucial issues in any organization approach to recruitment and selection. For different types of recruitment methods, they have a variable cost; For example: the price of online recruitment websites is very low if compared to other recruitment methods like head hunters.And relying on different selection methods is highly affected by the budget, such as relying on assessment centers needs expertise and more cost compared to CV database, and so on. Availability of required job or post: Knowing how many people are specialized in the vacant positions will affect the approach of the organization to recruitment and selections methods. I mean for instance, if we are looking for a vacant position of janitor, there will be no need to have an online ad or national press ad or assessment center as a tool to select the candidates.While if we got a vacant of senior consultant IT or business expert, definitely these functions and tools might be a pplied to recruit because we might need a high voice tool to reach everywhere so online or press ads might work and also this post is not common to find. How important is the post for the organization and it is level on the structureThe level that the vacant position is working in in any organization definitely would affect the approach of any organization to select the recruitment and selection methods to use.For example, if the required employee is in the high level or for executive position, those people who might be interested are not normally, at least in our region, apply through general email or address though, so head hunters might be a great tool for such positions. | Discussion comparing and contrasting the benefits of 3 different selection methods| 1. Assessment centers * They are far more accurate than a standard recruitment process as they allow a broader range of selection methods to be used during the process. They enable interviewers to assess existing performance as well as predict future job performance. * They give the opportunity to assess and differentiate between candidates who seem very similar in quality on paper. * They give the candidates a better insight into the role as they are tested on exercises typical for the role they have applied for. * They help employers build an employer brand. Candidates who attend assessment centres which genuinely reflect the job and the organisation are often impressed by that company, even if they are rejected. The cost of an assessment centre is usually cheaper compared with the potential cost of many recruitment phases and the cost of recruitment errors. * They are a fair process – they complement an organisation’s diversity agenda and ensure that people are selected on the basis of merit alone. 2. Typical and structured interviewsWhen it comes to evaluating the advantages of typical structured interviews, the main advantage is that all the applicants have an equal opportunity to prove that they have the required skills and experience for the job.Additionally, as an initial selection process, the structured interview questions are basically set up in a manner which allows the interviewer to obtain all the initial data as well as professional details that he or she would want to know about every applicant. 3. Telephone screening * Telephone interviews are simpler to arrange, and the process itself takes much less time than face-to-face interview sessions. * When using this method as an initial screening process, the cost of interviewing a large number of candidates is much lower than if they were interviewed in person. Telephone interviewing also cuts costs when candidates live far away, since most businesses reimburse interviewee travel expenses. Using the telephone to screen out unsuitable candidates can greatly reduce these costs. * This format is an ideal way to assess a candidate's telephone manner. This is particularly helpful if the job requires telephone c ommunication skills or is heavily customer-service based. | Activity B-Portfolio and Interview Observation Introduction The HR department has followed a recruitment process for filling a vacancy request for â€Å"Office Manager† at ALICO.The recruitment process outlined below highlights the main elements for filling this vacancy which includes: Planning: Identifying need for recruitment Setting the criteria for the job ( drafting job description, person specifications, set of competencies) Resourcing: drafting a job ad Short listing: interview-based competency Selection Offer of Employment Reason for Recruitment There are three main reasons why we are recruiting for the position of â€Å"Office Manager† at our company: 1) Growth in Business Operations: Our insurance company is growing and consequently the business is increasing.We need employ a senior staff member to manage the growing number increasing set of responsibilities and functions at the First Nations Office. 2) Change in Business Objectives: Need for diversity in terms of nationality is necessary to align with the trend of Emiratisation across business sectors in the UAE. In this case, a Emirati national would be preferred as likely candidate to fill this position. 3) Employee Exit: the person previously in charge running the overall office services at the First Nations Office has been re-located to another branch in a different country.A new team member is required to run the existing operation and ensure efficiency and control over them and in case of additional functions. Job Description Position: Office Manager PURPOSE The office Manager is responsible for organizing and coordinating office operations and procedures in order to ensure organizational effectiveness and efficiency. SCOPE The Office Manager reports to the senior Administrative Office and is responsible for providing office management services to the First National Office.This includes maintain office services and effic iency, suprrvisi9ng office staff and maintain office records. RESPONSIBILITIES Maintain Office Services Main Activities Design and implement office policies Establish standards and procedures Organize office operations and procedures Supervise office staff Monitor and record long distance calls Prepare time sheets Control correspondence Review and supply requisitions Liase with other agencies, organizations and groups Update organizational memberships Maintain office equipment Supervise Office StaffAssign and monitor clerical and secretarial functions Recruit and select office staff Orient and train employees Provide on the job and other training opportunities Supervise staff Evaluate staff performance Coaching and disciplining staff Maintain Office Records Design filing system Ensure filing systems are maintained Define procedures for record retention Ensure protection and security of files and records Ensure effective transfer of files and records Transfer and dispose records acco rding to retention schedules and policies Ensure personnel files are up to date and secure.Maintain Office Efficiency Plan and implement office system, layout and system procurement Maintain and replenish inventory Check stock to determine inventory levels Anticipate needed supplies Verify receipt of supply Perform other related duties as required. 3. Person Specification Form Position Required:Office Manager Department:First Nations Office Location:Abu Dhabi | Essential| Desirable| Assessment Method| Qualification| | | | BA in Business Management or equivalent | X| | CV| CIPD certificate in HR| | X| CV| Experience| | | |Minimum 4 years in Management| X| | CV| Minimum 2 years in HR functions| | X| CV| Knowledge and skills| | | | Ability to use MS Office competently| X| | Interview| Ability to design and manage administrative systems| X| | CV, interview| Writing procedures and policies| X| | Interview| Basic Financial skills| | X| Interview| Managing records| X| | Interview| Good ora l and writing skills in Arabic and English| x| | Interview| Excellent Organization skills| X| | Interview| Knowledge of time management applications| X| | Interview| Leadership skills| X| | CV, Interview|Mentoring and coaching| | X| Interview| Interview Assessment Form Candidate's Name:Hayya Al Ali Post:Office Manager Panelists:Monette, Mustafa, Moamen, Abdulaziz Date:27th June 2012 Score (1-5)1 No-low evidence 5 Meets competency fully| Comments| Competencies | 3| * Candidate seemed confident and has a positive attitude. * Demonstrated interest in working for ALICO * Candidate showed â€Å"initiative† since she gave brief information about ALICO * She is familiar with IT systems due to her academic formation. * CIPD certificate provides knowledge on HR. She has knowledge on how to combine HR and IT | -Overall Impression-Academic/Work Experience * Why have you chosen to apply to this position? * Tell me about a typical day at work? * Why did you decide to do the CIPD certifica te? How are you applying it? | 4| * Displayed fluency in English and Arabic * Able to express herself easily * Low tone when speaking but confident * Displayed coordination skills with large groups (10+) as per her role in committees. * Displayed skills in communicating message across to staff through her induction program which she gives across departments. She gave examples on how empathy and listening skills helped her build rapport with her team members. * Able to communicate with senior managers and entry level employees * Displayed her skill in convincing and influencing where she argued her case regarding an employee based on evidence and the benefit for the company. * Displayed experience in presentation design and delivery through her work in committees and induction| Essential CompetencyCommunication and InfluenceCommunicates clearly and effectively with a wide variety of people both formally and informally. . Please explain a time or situation when you had to communicate your views or ideas to senior management to get support? 2. What were the problems encountered? How did you handle them? 3. Here you mentioned committee involvement, tell me more about this experience. | 4| * Displayed skill in working within a tight timeframe and prioritizing tasks according to an action plan. * Able to balance work and personal life where she mentioned that â€Å"time management† is an area she improved with time. Displayed planning skills in her ability to design workflow for the Orientation program. * Identified essential skills for planning which include team discussions, research, benchmarking, setting objectives and implementation. | Essential CompetencyPlanning and Organizing Tendency to establish an efficient and appropriate course of action for self and others 1. Tell me about an example where you had to plan and organize a task in a short time-frame. 2. Tell me about your experience in designing the Orientation program. Who did it involve? 3.What a re the tools that you used for recruitment and selection since you did that in your previous job? | 3| * Showed experience in leadership skills through her involvement in various committees where she acted as President. * Acquired skills in leadership by attending a multitude of forums on the subject * Showed experience in managing and coordinating team activities and assign/delegate responsibilities (approximately 17 people) * Managing â€Å"emotional situations† with staff with empathy. * Displayed firmness if employees do not complete a task they have been assigned. Identified that lessons learned from leadership are: planning, being firm and having people accountable for their work. * Tries to sympathize and listen to employees. | Essential CompetencyLeadership Promotes and generate of cooperation among the team to achieve a collective outcome 1. In your resume, you mention that you have â€Å"leadership† skills, can you elaborate more on this? How many people did you manage in your last job? what did you learn from that experience? 2. What are the best ways of improving the performance of a team? 3.Demonstrate how you use your leadership skills to achieve project 4. What did you learn? 5. Please describe a time when you had to provide feedback to others on their performance. How did you go 6. What kind of feedback did you provide? | 3| * She displayed professionalism and confidence when facing a conflict whereby she maintained her position or opinion bc it is based on facts and respected other people's different opinion. * She seems a bit â€Å"stubborn† regarding her opinions which are based on facts. * Identified that â€Å"best practice† and policies are the best way to address a problem r make a decision * She respects the hierarchy of the organization and the decision making process should respect that hierarchy. | Desirable CompetencyDecision-Making and problem solving (Desirable)Tendency to make swift decisions and judgm ents even in the absence of all necessary information. 1. Give me an example where you had to make decisions in the absence of your Manager? 2. How did it go? 3. What did you learn? 4. Tell me about a time when you had conflicting priorities and what you did to resolve them. 5. What kind of problems do you handle best? 2| * Uses IT in analysis at her work. * Developed a new system that combines IT and HR that can produce data and statistics relevant for HR and Finance. * Knowledge in ERP systems and KPI development. | Desirable CompetencyData Analysis (Desirable)Tendency to analyze, organize, understand and present data. 1. What kind of IT skills did you acquire? How did you apply this in your work? 2. Tell me about a system you developed that helped organize the data. | 3| * Candidate interested in the job since she feels that it provides growth to her career | General Comments|Interview Evaluation ( group discussion)| * Considerable experienced in all HR functions * Sufficient kno wledge of management of office operations ( skills in IT and time management) * Good record in leadership and supervisory skills * Confident and organized. * Good skills in starting new projects * Has good initiative and self-motivation * May not have sufficient basic financial skills but is knowledgeable in excel sheets | DecisionCandidate is accepted for the position and offer letter to be sent by recruitment office. Signature †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ALICO Insurance LLC P. O. Box 2. UAE, Abu Dhabi Phone 00000000 – Fax 11111111 June 27, 2012 Hayyah Al Ali 11603, Abu Dhabi Dear Ms Al Ali, ALICO is pleased to offer you a job as an Office Manager of the First Nations Office located in Abu Dhabi. We trust that your knowledge, skills and experience will be among our most valuable assets. Sh ould you accept this job offer, per company policy you'll be eligible to receive the following beginning on your hire date. Salary: 45,000 AED monthlyBenefits: ALICO provided benefits for employees, including the following: Education assistance Health, dental, life and disability insurance Profit sharing Vacation and personal days To accept or decline this job offer: Sign and date this job offer letter where indicated below. Fax all pages of this job offer letter back to us. This offer is valid for one month from the date of send. If we didn’t receive any reply from you within a month this offer will be cancelled. For any clarifications, kindly contact Recruitment Department, Phone 897987789.We hope to welcome you on board personally. Sincerely, Abdulaziz Ali Recruitment Manager, Human Resources Accept Job Offer By signing and dating this letter below, I, Hayyah Al Ali, accept the job offer of Office Manager by ALICO. Signature:_________________________________ Date:_________ ____ Decline Job Offer By signing and dating this letter below, I, Hayyah Al Ali, decline the job offer of Office Manager by ALICO. Signature:_________________________________ Date:_____________ ALICO Insurance LLC P. O. Box 2. UAE, Abu Dhabi Phone 00000000 – Fax 11111111 June 27, 2012Mr. Moamen Azab 11603, Abu Dhabi Dear Ms Mary, We appreciate your interest in ALICO and the position of ‘Office Manager’ for which you applied. Though the selection committee appreciates the time you invested during the panel interview, it has selected another candidate who has experience in human resources-a main requirement for the position. Thank you for interviewing with our team. Everyone enjoyed meeting you and we hope that you consider applying for our open positions for which you qualify in the future Sincerely, Abdulaziz Ali Recruitment Manager, Human Resources

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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET GOOD MORNING TO MY RESPECTED TEACHER AND MY FELLOW FRIENDS TODAY I M GONNA PRESENT A SPEECH ON ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET BEFORE COMING TO THE POINT I WOULD LIKE TO SAY SOME FACTS ABOUT INTERNET WHAT IS INTERNET? ACCORDING TO THE DEFINATION PROVIDED BY OXFORD DICTIONARY, THE INTERNET IS AN ARRANGEMENT OF CONNECTED COMPUTERS,WHICH LETS THE COMPUTER USERS ALL OVER THE GLOBE EXCHANGE DATA. AT THE PRESENT TIME, APPROXIMATELY 33% OF THE WORLD POPULATION HAS ACCESSIBILITY TO THE INTERNET. THE INTERNET IS AN EXTAORDINARY ENTERTAINMENT AND LEARNING TOOL THAT MAY BE UTILIZED IN A NUMBER OF MODES TO INCREASE THE ABILITY OF A USER TO COLLECT INFORMATION. THE PRINCIPLE COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNET ARE THE WORLD WIDE WEB(WWW) AND E-MAIL INTERNET WAS CREATED IN THE UNITED STATES BY THE †UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY†(known as DARPA). IT WAS FIRST CONNECTED IN OCTOBER,1969. THE WORLD WIDE WEB WAAS CREATED IN SWITZERLAND IN 1989 BY A BRITISH MAN NAMED TIM BERNEERS-LEE. THE ALTERNATIVE NAME â€Å"NET† CAME FROM â€Å"INTERNET† The advantages of Internet Following are the advantages provided by the Internet: ) Information The biggest benefit offered by the Internet is information. It functions as a valuable resource of information. You can find any type of information on any subject with the help of the search engines like Yahoo and Google. 2) Communication The primary goal of the Internet is communication. It has do ne extremely well in this field, however the development process is still going on to make it more dependable and quick. By sending an e-mail, we can contact a person who is physically present thousand miles away within the fraction of a second’s time. 3) Entertainment Internet functions as a popular medium of entertainment. A wide variety of entertainment including video games, music, movies, chat room, news and others can be accessed through the Internet. 4) E-commerce E-commerce is the idea that is implemented for any form of commercial strategy or business transactions that entails transmission of data from one corner of the world to another. E-commerce has become a fantastic option through which you can shop anything. 6) Services A variety of services are offered via Internet, for example job searching, online banking, buying movie tickets, hotel reservations and consultation services etc. When you avail these services offline, they become more expensive. The disadvantages of Internet Following are the disadvantages of Internet: 1) Spamming: Spamming denotes distribution of unsolicited e-mails in large numbers. They are meaningless and they unnecessarily block the whole system. These activities are treated as illegal. 2) Theft of personal details While using the Internet, there is high probability that your personal details like name, address and credit card number may be accessed by con artists and used for fraudulent purposes. ) Pornography: Pornography is definitely harmful for your children. There are numerous pornographic sites available over the Internet and watching any of those can have very bad influence on the mental health of your children. 4) Virus threat Virus is a program that interrupts the usual operation of your personal computer system. PCs linked to the Internet have high probability of virus attacks and as a result of this your hard disk can crash, giving you a lot of trouble.

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